COMPOSITION/CONSTITUENTS OF BLOOD

 Composition of blood

Blood consists of mainly Plasma and Blood Cells/corpuscles.

                     Test tube after centrifugation of whole EDTA blood


  • PLASMA
        Contains-   

        •  Water
        •  Proteins(albumin)
        •  Clotting factors
        •   Antibodies
        •   Enzymes
        •   Harmones
        •   Glucose
        •   Fat particles
         Volume  -  60% of Total volume of blood.

  • BLOOD CELLS /CORPUSCLES-:

       Types -:

            1. Red  Blood Corpuscles /Cells

                2. White Blood Corpuscles /Cells

                3.  Platelets

         Volume -: 40% of total volume of blood.


1.  RED BLOOD CELLS/CORPUSCLES (RBCs)-




Name - Erythrocytes

Diameter - 6-8µm

Shape -  Biconcave

Nucleus -   Absent in all mammals vertebrates except Birds and Fish.

Color - Red

Content -   Hemoglobin(Oxygen binding Protein) enabling the RBCs to transport more oxygen.

Production - In the Bone Marrow from stem cells.

Production Rate - 2-3 million RBCs/Second.

Lifespan-    120 days at which point the old or damaged RBCs are removed from the circulation by specialized cells (macrophages) in the spleen and liver.

Normal range  - Male -4.7-6.1 million cells per microliter (4.7-6.1/mcL)

                          Female - 4.2 - 5.4 million cells per microliter /mcL

Function - Transport of Oxygen from the Lungs to the other parts of body.


2.   WHITE BLOOD CELLS/CORPUSCLES (WBCs)-


Name - Leukocytes

Types  -   Leukocytes are divided into Granulocytes ( Presence of granules) and Agranulocytes (Absence of granules).


  • Granulocytes

  • Agranulocytes

        1.  Neutrophils

         1.  Lymphocytes

         2.  Eosinophils

         2.  Monocytes

         3.  Basophils

 

 

Diameter - 6-8µm and its varies from 12-17µm

Shape-  Irregular.

Color-: Colorless

 Nucleus -Present.

Content - Granules,Enzymes.

Production - In the Bone Marrow from the stem cells.

Lifespan- 12-20 days.

Normal range – Male and Female 4000 - 11,000 cells per cu.mm

Function  -  Responsible for  immunity, Fights with pathogens and produces antibodies.


3.  PLATELETS-



Name- Thrombocytes

Shape – Irregular

Diameter - 3-4µm

Nucleus - Absent

Production-  From stem cells as platelet precursor called Megakaryotes in the bone marrow and then circulate in the blood stream as platelets.

Lifespan -7-10 days

Normal range - 1,50,000-4,00,000 per cu.mm ( may change laboratory wise)

Function -  Form blood clots for healing process of wound as well as to stop bleeding.


 

 

 

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